Artificial intelligence Computer vision Colorectal surgery Deep learning Hepatocellular carcinoma Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Machine learning Natural language processing Pancreatic Spine surgery Plastic surgery Robotic surgery Radiomics
Figure 6. Class activation mapping (CAM) heatmaps of the 3D Swin Transformer. The axial, coronal, and sagittal heatmaps highlight discriminative regions that support the model’s decision-making rationale. 3D: Three-dimensional; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CAM: class activation mapping.