fig3

Figure 3. Modulation of the TME by fenretinide. Fenretinide shapes the TME by inhibiting angiogenesis, reducing the content of pro-tumor M2 macrophages, and disrupting tumor cell-ECM interactions. Blue boxes indicate the main effects of fenretinide on the non-cellular and cellular components of the TME. Created in BioRender. Verachi, P. (2026) https://BioRender.com/ugvfbl3. TME: Tumor microenvironment; ECM: extracellular matrix; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; IL: interleukin; VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor-A; VEGFR-2: VEGF receptor-2; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor I; IGF-IR: IGF-I receptor.