fig3

Figure 3. Single-cell depiction of three AML subtypes. (A) Workflow of integrated analysis of bulk transcriptomics and single-cell transcriptomics. The UMAP plot illustrates that 12 newly diagnosed AML samples from GSE116256 have been comprehensively annotated into 6 distinct cell types; (B) Each color on the plot corresponds to a specific cell type, as indicated in the legend. Cell annotations are based on previous research by van Galen et al.^[23]; (C) Pie chart showing the proportion of cell types in the three different subtypes; (D) Boxplot of different AML cell types scores: HSC-like (P = 0.039), progenitor-like (P = 0.003), GMP-like (P = 0.134), promonocyte-like (P = 0.035), monocyte-like (P < 0.001), cDC-like (P = 0.002) in patients of different clusters from the TCGA-LAML cohort; (E) AUCell scores representing the activation levels of pathways comprising upregulated genes in the three clusters, visualized with a gradient color scheme; (F) AUCell scores representing the activation levels of pathways comprising upregulated genes in the three clusters, visualized with a gradient color scheme. Pseudotime trajectory plot showing the transformation of cells from normal to malignant in the Cluster 3 subtype, visualized by pseudotime; (G) Visualization of cells by cell type; (H) Enrichment analysis of representative genes from different modules along the pseudotime, visualized by a star plot. Heatmap showing significant changes in four modules along pseudotime. Expression of representative genes (ASPM, NCPH, MPO, LDHB, S100A8, S100A9, LGALS3, USP15) along the pseudotime trajectory. Differences among three or more groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Created in BioRender. Yang, R. (2026) https://BioRender.com/2cn7hfa. AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; GMP: granulocyte-macrophage progenitor; cDC: conventional dendritic cell; TCGA-LAML: The Cancer Genome Atlas-Acute Myeloid Leukemia; ASPM: abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein; NCPH: non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H; MPO: myeloperoxidase; LDHB: lactate dehydrogenase B; LGALS3: lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3; USP15: ubiquitin specific peptidase 15; ssGSEA: single-sample gene set enrichment analysis; BM: bone marrow; AUC: area under the curve.