fig8

Figure 8. Thermal-management performance of battery modules containing different CPCMs: schematic configurations of (A) the PHE-Module, (B) the PHAE-Module, and (C) the PHHE-Module; maximum-temperature profiles during charge-discharge cycling of (A1) the PHE-Module, (B1) the PHAE-Module, and (C1) the PHHE-Module; maximum-temperature-difference profiles during charge-discharge cycling of (A2) the PHE-Module, (B2) the PHAE-Module, and (C2) the PHHE-Module. PHE: PEG/HDI/EG; PHAE: PEG/HDI/APP/EG; PHHE: PEG/HDI/HAPP/EG; CPCMs: composite phase change materials; PEG: polyethylene glycol; HDI: hexamethylene diisocyanate; APP: ammonium polyphosphate; EG: expanded graphite; HAPP: hydroxylated ammonium polyphosphate.