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Figure 5. Dynamic EDL-SCR coupling underlying iontrovoltaic effects. Reprinted with permission from[94] Copyright © 2026, Springer Nature. (A) Formation of coupled SCR-EDL structures at semiconductor-liquid interfaces; (B) Triboelectric polarization enhances interfacial field strength and modulates EDL-SCR coupling; (C) Asymmetric EDLs induce ionic chemical potential gradients, enabling directional ion and carrier transport.
