fig1

Figure 1. (A) Comparison of electron density on -CF₃, -CHF₂ and -CH₂F group. (B) Chemical structure of DFP with low steric hindrance patterns. Comparison in (C) ionization potential and (D) viscosity of DFP with conventional solvents for LMBs. (E) Top-view SEM images of DMP and DFP electrolytes at different temperatures as indicated. A-E are reproduced with permission from ^[6], Copyright (2026) Springer Nature. DFP: 1, 3-difluoropropane; DFB: 1,4-difluoro-butane; DMP: dimethoxypropane; DME:1,2-dimethoxyethane; DMC:dimethyl carbonate; EC:ethylene carbonate' BTFE: bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether; FEC: fluoroethylene carbonate; TTE:1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylether HFC: hydrofluorocarbon; LMB: lithium metal battery; SEM: scanning electron microscopy.