fig5

Figure 5. Migrasomes confer drug resistance in cancer. (1) Migrasomes transfer resistance-associated signaling molecules (such as RNAs and proteins) to neighboring cancer cells, increasing their survival and drug resistance phenotypes; (2) Migrasomes remodel the TME by promoting immunosuppressive cell states and angiogenesis, thereby creating a niche that supports cancer drug resistance. AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; ARG-1: arginase 1; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; mRNAs: messenger RNAs; NDST1: N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1; POSTN: periostin; TME: tumor microenvironment; TSPAN1: tetraspanin 1; TSPAN3: tetraspanin 3; TSPAN4: tetraspanin 4.