fig15

From: Layered double hydroxide-based single-atom catalysts: precise catalyst design on a two-dimensional ‘atomic canvas’

Figure 15. (A) HER polarization curves in 1 M KOH; (B) Schematic representations of HER mechanism for Pt/C in 1 M KOH and (C) Ni₃Fe - CO₃^2- LDH-Pt SA in 1 M KOH; (D) OER polarization curves for Ni₃Fe - CO₃^2- LDH and Ni₃Fe - CO₃^2- LDH-Pt SA. (E) Schematic of promotion effect on active phase transition for Pt single - atom in Ni₃Fe - CO₃^2- LDH; (F) Differential charge densities of Ni₃Fe - CO₃^2- LDH-Pt SA. (A-F) Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[48]. Copyright 2021, The Royal Society of Chemistry. LDH: Layered double hydroxide; RDS: rate-determining step; HER: hydrogen evolution reaction; OER: oxygen evolution reaction; SA: single atom.