fig5

Figure 5. Relationship between epilepsy and the incidence of CAD, stratified by covariates. Multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between epilepsy and incident CAD across different subgroups. Model adjusted age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, physical activity, education, Townsend deprivation index, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total triglycerides, glucose, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and comorbidity/medication history. (Omit the corresponding grouping variable from the relevant subgroup analysis (e.g., do not adjust for the sex factor in the sex subgroup)). CAD: Coronary artery disease; BMI: body mass index; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.