fig2

Figure 2. Sub-mitochondrial signal generation and myocardial cell-type crosstalk in cardiovascular aging. (Created in BioRender. Shila TA (2026) https://BioRender.com/2bztp85). ETC: Electron transport chain; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ROS: reactive oxygen species.