fig1

Figure 1. Roadmap of knowledge-enabled data-driven smart design of ultra-strong ductile near-α titanium alloys under extreme conditions. R²: The coefficient of determination; RMSE: root mean square error; Bagging: bootstrap aggregating; RF: random forest; GBRT: gradient boosting regression tree; ExtraTree: extremely randomized tree; AdaBoost: adaptive boosting; LGBM: light gradient boosting machine; XGBoost: eXtreme gradient boosting; KNN: K-nearest neighbor; DT: decision tree; ANN: artificial neural network; SVR: support vector regression; NSGA-II: nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II; TA: titanium alpha; TC: titanium composite; ASB: adiabatic shear band.