fig1
Figure 1. Preparation methods, unique properties, and recent advances of ionogels in biomedical fields[29,38-43]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier B.V; Copyright 2025, Elsevier B.V; Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH GmbH; Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; Copyright 2025, Springer Nature Limited; Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; Copyright 2024, John Wiley & Sons. ES: Electrical stimulation; PTT: photothermal therapy; PES: photothermal electrical stimulation; DES: deep eutectic solvent; TPU: thermoplastic polyurethane.
