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Intelligent fibers and self-powered wearable devices for ophthalmic applications: a frontier review

Figure 6. IFs devices for ophthalmic sensing and visual restoration. (A) A flexible wireless contact lens for IOP monitoring, utilizing patterned electronic metal fibers as the inductive sensor[94]. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (B) Flexible fiber-based contact lens with wireless power transmission, integrated glucose sensing, and LED visual feedback[95]. Copyright 2018, The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) Tellurium nanowire network (TeNWN) retinal prosthesis enabling broad-spectrum light absorption and subretinal photocurrent generation for visual restoration[98]. Copyright 2025, The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (D) High-density fiber arrays for precise cortical interfacing, including linear and bundled configurations[103]. Copyright 2024, The Author(s). IFs: Intelligent fibers; IOP: intraocular pressure; LED: light-emitting diode; TeNWN: tellurium nanowire network.

Soft Science
ISSN 2769-5441 (Online)
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