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Figure 2. Real-world applications of wearable muscle health monitoring in competitive sports and public physical exercises; (A) Monitoring of exercise intensity and training load based on ECG and lactic acid sensing. Reproduced with permission^[140]. Copyright 2016, Springer Nature; (B) Assessment of athlete’s muscle fatigue based on sEMG and muscle strength measurement. Reproduced with permission^[142]. Copyright 2025, John Wiley and Sons; (C) Formulation of training recovery based on lactate and urea sensing. Reproduced with permission^[145]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; (D) Nutrition uptake and metabolic analysis based on AI-empowered multimodal sensing. Reproduced with permission^[151]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. W.E.: working electrode; R.E.: reference electrode; C.E.: counter electrode; ECG: electrocardiography; AI: artificial intelligence; sEMG: surface electromyography.