fig5

Figure 5. Lignocellulose-derived hydrogel sensors for wearable electronics. (A) The adhesive mechanism of CMC-LM-LS/PAA hydrogels^[105]; Current changes monitored by the sensor attached to (B) the elbow for bending-unbending motions and (C) the neck for movements^[105]; (D) Human motion-detection performance of the hydrogel-based sensor^[105]. (A-D) adapted from Ref.^[105]. Copyright 2026, Elsevier; (E) Motion state of bionic shark in water when it is attached to the hydrogel-based sensor, reflected by (F) the evolution of [(R - R₀)/R₀]^[103]. (E and F) adapted from Ref.^[103]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier; (G) Schematic illustration of multiple interactions in composite hydrogel^[138]; (H) Schematic diagram of smart mask operation^[138]. (G and H) adapted from Ref.^[138]. Copyright 2024, WILEY-VCH. CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose; LM: liquid metal; LS: sodium lignosulfonate; PAA: polyacrylic acid; RT: room temperature.